Background. Melioidosis is a tropical infectious disease associated with significant mortality. Most deaths occur early and are caused by fulminant sepsis.Methods. In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed the efficacy of lenograstim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], 263 mg per day administered intravenously) in ceftazidime-treated patients with severe sepsis caused by suspected melioidosis in Thailand.Results. Over a 27-month period, 60 patients were enrolled to receive either G-CSF (30 patients, 18 of whom had culture-confirmed melioidosis) or placebo (30 patients, 23 of whom had culture-confirmed melioidosis).Mortality rates were similar in both groups (G-CSF group, 70%; placebo group, 87%; risk ratio, 0.81; 95%confidence interval, 0.61–1.06; Pp.2), including among patients with confirmed melioidosis (83% vs. 96%;Pp.3). The duration of survival was longer for patients who received G-CSF than for patients who received placebo (33 h vs. 18.6 h; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.31–1.00; Pp.05).Conclusions. Receipt of G-CSF is associated with a longer duration of survival but is not associated with a mortality benefit in patients with severe sepsis who are suspected of having melioidosis in Thailand.We hypothesizethat G-CSF may “buy time” for severely septic patients, but survival is more likely to be improved by managementof associated metabolic abnormalities and organ dysfunction associated with severe sepsis.

Clinical Infectious Diseases ปี 2550, August ปีที่: 45 ฉบับที่ 3 หน้า 308-14